The Best Time to Take Zinc for Men

The Best Time to Take Zinc for Men

by | دی 10, 1403 | Articles, General, Professional

The best time to take zinc for men is usually after meals. Zinc (Zn) is an essential trace element that plays a key role in various biochemical and metabolic processes in the human body. This mineral is particularly important for men, as it contributes to immune system function, hormone production, and tissue repair. In this article, we will discuss the optimal time for zinc consumption and its effects on health.

Importance of Zinc in the Body

As a micronutrient, zinc is involved in many enzymatic reactions and supports overall health. It plays a crucial role in strengthening the immune system, synthesizing proteins, and producing DNA. Additionally, zinc acts as an antioxidant, helping to prevent oxidative damage to cells. Research has shown that zinc can shorten the duration of respiratory illnesses and other infections.

Best Time to Take Zinc

After Meals

One of the best times to take zinc is after meals for the following reasons:

  • Reduced Digestive Discomfort: Taking zinc on an empty stomach may cause digestive issues such as nausea. Consuming it after meals helps minimize these side effects.
  • Improved Absorption: Some studies suggest that taking zinc with food can enhance its absorption. Foods rich in protein, particularly meat, may increase zinc absorption.

Before Bed

Some individuals prefer taking zinc before bed, which may have the following benefits:

  • Better Sleep: Zinc may help improve sleep quality. Some research indicates that it helps regulate melatonin levels, the hormone responsible for sleep.
  • Tissue Repair: The body undergoes repair processes during sleep. Taking zinc before bed may support these processes and aid in muscle and tissue recovery.

Recommended Zinc Dosage

Getting the right zinc dosage is essential. Excessive intake may lead to side effects such as nausea, diarrhea, and impaired absorption of other nutrients like copper. The recommended daily intake for adult men is approximately 11 mg. If a higher dose is required, it should be taken under medical supervision.

Benefits of Zinc for Men’s Health

Role of Zinc in Testosterone Production

Zinc is essential for the production of testosterone and other male hormones. Studies indicate that zinc deficiency can lead to low testosterone levels and fertility issues.

Immune System Support

Zinc enhances the production of immune cells, improving the immune system’s function. Research suggests that zinc intake can reduce the severity and duration of infectious diseases.

Skin Health

Zinc is beneficial for skin health, helping to reduce inflammation and promote wound healing. It may also aid in treating acne and other skin conditions.

Dietary Sources of Zinc

Zinc is found in various foods, including:

  • Red Meat and Poultry: These are excellent sources of zinc, contributing to daily intake.
  • Seafood: Oysters and fish are rich in zinc and considered among the best natural sources.
  • Nuts and Seeds: Almonds, walnuts, pumpkin seeds, and chia seeds provide zinc and support overall health.
  • Dairy Products: Milk and yogurt are also good sources of zinc, contributing to bone and dental health.

Key Considerations for Zinc Consumption

  • Balanced Diet: A well-rounded diet ensures adequate zinc intake from various sources.
  • Avoid Taking Zinc with Calcium or Iron: Zinc should be consumed separately from calcium and iron supplements, as they may interfere with its absorption.
  • Monitor for Deficiency Symptoms: Zinc deficiency symptoms include weakened immunity, appetite loss, slow wound healing, and skin issues. If these occur, consult a doctor.

Zinc and Mental Health

Research suggests that zinc plays a role in mental well-being. Zinc deficiency has been linked to increased risk of depression and anxiety. It is involved in the production of neurotransmitters like serotonin, which regulates mood. Therefore, consuming enough zinc may help improve mental health and reduce symptoms of depression.

Zinc and Athletic Performance

Zinc is crucial for enhancing athletic performance. It supports energy production and muscle maintenance. Zinc deficiency can lead to decreased endurance and poor performance. Athletes should ensure adequate zinc intake in their diets, particularly after intense workouts, to aid muscle recovery.

Zinc and Male Fertility

Zinc plays a significant role in male fertility. Studies show that it improves sperm quality and count. Additionally, zinc helps maintain prostate health and may prevent related issues. Consuming enough zinc helps men maintain optimal testosterone levels and fertility.

Zinc and Chronic Disease Prevention

Zinc may aid in preventing and managing chronic diseases such as diabetes and heart disease. As an antioxidant, it reduces oxidative stress and inflammation associated with chronic conditions. Therefore, regular zinc intake can serve as a preventive strategy against such diseases.

Final Recommendations

To maximize zinc benefits:

  • Consume zinc-rich foods regularly
  • Use zinc supplements only if necessary and under medical supervision
  • Maintain a balanced diet with a variety of nutrients

Conclusion

The best time to take zinc for men is usually after meals, though some may benefit from taking it before bed. Zinc is an essential mineral that positively impacts immune function, hormone production, mental health, and overall well-being. By incorporating zinc into a healthy diet and following the recommended dosage, men can enhance their health and prevent deficiencies.

Zinc Plus: A Supplement for General Health, Skin, Hair, and the Immune System

Zinc Plus: A Supplement for General Health, Skin, Hair, and the Immune System

by | دی 10, 1403 | Articles, General, Professional

Zinc Plus is one of the most widely used dietary supplements that has gained significant attention in recent years due to its positive effects on general health, skin, hair, and the immune system. Zinc, as an essential mineral, plays a crucial role in the body’s optimal functioning and is involved in numerous biochemical processes. This advanced supplement combines zinc with vitamins and other nutrients to enhance and support overall health. This article provides a comprehensive review of Zinc Plus, its benefits, usage, and potential side effects.

What is Zinc Plus?

Zinc Plus is a dietary supplement that typically includes zinc and a combination of vitamins such as Vitamin C and Vitamin B6. This supplement is specifically designed to meet the body’s daily zinc requirements while also supporting other biochemical functions. It helps strengthen the immune system, improve skin and hair health, and boost energy levels. In fact, Zinc Plus is considered a powerful formula for improving quality of life and promoting general health.

The Importance of Zinc in the Body

Zinc is an essential mineral that plays a role in the function of nearly 300 enzymes in the body. It is involved in various biochemical processes, including protein synthesis, cell division, and DNA repair. Additionally, zinc acts as an antioxidant, protecting cells from oxidative damage. A deficiency in zinc can lead to serious issues such as a weakened immune system, hair loss, and skin disorders. In this regard, taking Zinc Plus as a supplement can help compensate for these deficiencies.

The Role of Zinc in Biochemical Processes

Zinc acts as a cofactor for enzymes and is essential for numerous chemical reactions occurring in the body. It plays a role in the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins and contributes to energy production. Additionally, zinc is crucial for hormone production and nerve signal transmission.

Benefits of Zinc Plus

1. Strengthening the Immune System

One of the most important benefits of Zinc Plus is its ability to boost the immune system. Zinc enhances immune cell activity, helping the body defend itself against infections and diseases. Research has shown that taking Zinc Plus can reduce the severity and duration of respiratory infections, leading to faster recovery. Especially during cold seasons when viral infections are more common, using this supplement can serve as an effective preventive measure.

2. Improving Skin Health

Due to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, Zinc Plus supports skin health. It helps reduce acne and blemishes while also promoting the healing of wounds and other skin conditions. Additionally, the vitamin C content in Zinc Plus contributes to youthful and vibrant skin. Moreover, it helps regulate oil secretion in the skin, preventing issues like under-skin breakouts.

3. Preventing Hair Loss

Hair loss is a common problem that can be caused by zinc deficiency. Zinc Plus strengthens hair follicles and improves blood circulation in the scalp, preventing hair loss and promoting hair growth. Those who use Zinc Plus often experience a noticeable improvement in hair volume and quality. Furthermore, zinc aids in collagen production, protecting hair structure from damage.

4. Strengthening Nails

Weak and brittle nails can be a sign of nutrient deficiencies. Zinc Plus supports nail strength and growth, preventing breakage. Individuals who take this dietary supplement generally have healthier and stronger nails. For this reason, Zinc Plus is recognized as a natural solution for improving nail health.

5. Enhancing Athletic Performance

Zinc Plus can help improve athletic performance. With its combination of ingredients, including B vitamins, it increases energy levels and strengthens muscles, allowing athletes to perform better. Additionally, zinc speeds up recovery time after intense workouts. In essence, Zinc Plus serves as a sports supplement that enhances endurance and reduces fatigue.

6. Supporting Reproductive Health

Zinc Plus plays a vital role in male and female reproductive health. In men, zinc contributes to sperm production and quality improvement. In women, it helps regulate the menstrual cycle and supports pregnancy. Additionally, zinc strengthens ovarian function and improves egg quality in women.

7. Regulating Blood Sugar Levels

Research suggests that zinc may help regulate blood sugar levels. Zinc Plus enhances insulin sensitivity and prevents blood sugar fluctuations. This benefit is particularly useful for individuals at risk of developing type 2 diabetes.

How to Take Zinc Plus

Zinc Plus should be taken according to the instructions on the product label or as advised by a doctor. Generally, the best time to take this supplement is one hour before or two hours after meals to enhance zinc absorption. Consuming zinc with calcium- or iron-rich foods may reduce its absorption. Therefore, it is recommended to take Zinc Plus alone or with foods that do not contain these nutrients.

Side Effects of Zinc Plus

Although Zinc Plus is generally safe for most individuals, excessive consumption may cause side effects. Common side effects include stomach discomfort, diarrhea, and dizziness. In rare cases, an overdose of this supplement can lead to toxicity, causing symptoms such as headaches, fever, and general weakness. Thus, it is essential to follow the recommended dosage and consult a doctor before starting Zinc Plus.

Food Sources of Zinc

Besides taking Zinc Plus supplements, zinc intake can also be met through a diet rich in zinc, B vitamins, and vitamin C. Some excellent dietary sources of zinc include red meat, poultry, fish, eggs, dairy products, legumes, nuts, and seeds. Incorporating these foods into a balanced diet can help fulfill daily nutritional needs. For example, consuming oysters, red meat, and pumpkin seeds can be excellent natural sources of zinc.

Conclusion

Zinc Plus is a dietary supplement with numerous benefits that support general health, skin, hair, and the immune system. Given its positive effects, this supplement is an excellent option for individuals looking to boost their overall well-being. However, consulting a healthcare provider and following the recommended dosage is essential before taking any supplement.

In the end, incorporating zinc-rich foods into your diet can help maintain optimal zinc levels in the body and improve quality of life. Considering the significance of Zinc Plus in health improvement, it is recommended that individuals pay special attention to this supplement and take advantage of its benefits. Additionally, being informed about the correct usage and dietary sources of zinc can help maintain good health and prevent complications related to nutrient deficiencies.

The Best Magnesium Tablets and Their Benefits

The Best Magnesium Tablets and Their Benefits

by | دی 3, 1403 | Articles, General, Professional

Magnesium is one of the essential minerals for the body, playing a vital role in various processes such as energy production, muscle function, blood sugar regulation, and bone health. Given the deficiency of magnesium in modern diets, using magnesium supplements can be an effective way to compensate for this shortage. In this article, we will examine the characteristics, types, benefits, and key considerations in choosing the best magnesium supplement so that you can make an informed decision and take advantage of this valuable supplement.

Examining Magnesium Supplements

Magnesium is recognized as a crucial element for human health and is involved in over 300 biochemical processes in the body. Due to the deficiency of magnesium in modern diets and the increasing awareness of its benefits, the use of magnesium supplements has become a significant topic.

The Role of Magnesium in the Body

Magnesium performs multiple functions in the human body, including:

Energy Production

Magnesium plays a fundamental role in the synthesis of ATP (adenosine triphosphate), which is the primary source of energy in cells. Without magnesium, energy production and utilization in the body would be disrupted.

Blood Sugar Regulation

Magnesium helps regulate blood sugar levels. Studies show that individuals with low magnesium levels are at a higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes. Therefore, taking magnesium supplements can aid in blood sugar control.

Muscle and Nervous System Function

Magnesium is essential for muscle contractions and the transmission of nerve signals. A deficiency can lead to muscle cramps and neurological disorders.

Bone Health

Magnesium contributes to bone structure and helps maintain bone density. A deficiency in this mineral can lead to osteoporosis and an increased risk of fractures.

Symptoms of Magnesium Deficiency

A deficiency in magnesium can result in several health issues. Some common symptoms include:

  • Fatigue and weakness
  • Muscle cramps
  • Anxiety and depression
  • Sleep disorders
  • Loss of appetite

Individuals at risk of magnesium deficiency include those with an unbalanced diet, digestive disorders, or those taking medications that interfere with magnesium absorption.

Types of Magnesium Supplements

Magnesium supplements come in various forms, including:

  • Magnesium Citrate: Known for its high absorption rate and often used as a natural laxative.
  • Magnesium Glycinate: Recognized for its gentle effect on the stomach and good absorption.
  • Magnesium Oxide: A concentrated form of magnesium.
  • Magnesium Malate: A combination of magnesium and malic acid, known for its energy-boosting properties and benefits for athletic performance.

Benefits of Taking Magnesium Supplements

Using magnesium supplements can offer various advantages, including:

Improved Sleep Quality

Magnesium helps enhance sleep quality. Studies show that people who take magnesium experience better sleep and fewer sleep disturbances.

Reduced Anxiety and Stress

Magnesium can help alleviate symptoms of anxiety and stress by regulating the nervous system.

Enhanced Athletic Performance

Magnesium boosts athletic performance and reduces muscle fatigue. Athletes who use magnesium supplements may notice significant improvements in their performance and experience less fatigue.

Heart Health

Magnesium helps improve heart function and lower blood pressure, making it a protective factor against heart disease.

Choosing the Best Magnesium Supplement

To select the best magnesium supplement, consider the following factors:

Type of Magnesium

Choosing the right type of magnesium based on individual needs is crucial. For instance, those with digestive issues should opt for magnesium glycinate, while athletes may benefit more from magnesium malate.

Product Quality

The quality of supplements is very important. It is best to buy from reputable brands that have quality certifications and clinical testing. Brands like Perarin Pars, known for producing the best magnesium supplements, maintain high manufacturing standards to ensure their products contain precise amounts of magnesium.

Appropriate Dosage

The recommended daily dosage of magnesium varies based on age, gender, and individual needs. Generally, the suggested intake for adults is between 310 to 420 mg per day. Consulting a doctor before starting supplementation is advised.

Additional Ingredients

Some magnesium supplements contain extra ingredients that can enhance absorption or provide additional benefits. For example, magnesium combined with vitamin D may have a greater positive impact on bone health.

Side Effects and Precautions

Although magnesium is generally safe, excessive intake can lead to side effects such as:

  • Diarrhea
  • Nausea
  • Abdominal pain

In rare cases, consuming extremely high doses can cause heart complications and increase potassium levels in the blood. Therefore, it is advisable to consult a doctor before taking any supplement, especially for individuals with specific medical conditions or those taking medication.

Recent Research on Magnesium

Research on magnesium and its effects on human health continues to expand. Some recent studies indicate that magnesium may help prevent chronic diseases such as diabetes, heart disease, and even certain types of cancer. These studies particularly emphasize the importance of using the best magnesium supplements to meet daily magnesium needs and prevent chronic illnesses.

Conclusion

Magnesium is an essential mineral that plays a role in many biochemical processes in the body. Given the common magnesium deficiencies in modern diets, choosing a magnesium supplement can be an effective solution for meeting the body’s needs. This decision requires careful consideration of the type of magnesium, product quality, appropriate dosage, and medical consultation. Ultimately, by following these guidelines, one can improve overall health and quality of life.

Evaluation of the Effect of Lycopene on Saliva

Evaluation of the Effect of Lycopene on Saliva

by | آذر 21, 1403 | Articles, General, Professional

In recent decades, the widespread use of mobile phones has raised concerns about the effects of electromagnetic waves on human health, particularly on the antioxidant system of saliva. Research has shown that these waves can increase oxidative stress and reduce the antioxidant activity of saliva, potentially endangering oral health. On the other hand, lycopene, a powerful antioxidant found in tomatoes and other red fruits, has attracted significant attention from researchers. Recent studies indicate that lycopene’s impact on saliva may improve the antioxidant system’s function and counteract the harmful effects of mobile phone use. This article aims to examine the role of lycopene in enhancing the antioxidant capacity of saliva and mitigating the risks associated with mobile phone radiation.

The Effect of Mobile Phone Waves on Saliva

A study conducted on 20 mobile phone users showed a decrease in total albumin flow in saliva. Additionally, research from 2014 reported changes in the concentration and flow rate of saliva from the parotid glands of mobile phone users. A significant reduction was also observed in enzymes such as amylase, lipase, lysozyme, lactoferrin, and peroxidase. These changes may lead to oxidative stress and dysfunction of salivary glands.

Other studies have shown that excessive mobile phone use (more than five hours per day) can decrease the total antioxidant capacity of saliva and reduce the levels of enzymes like amylase. These oxidative changes may increase the risk of inflammatory diseases and even malignant cell transformations.

Lycopene and Its Antioxidant Properties

Lycopene is a fat-soluble carotenoid discovered by Ernest et al. in 1931. This carotenoid is naturally present in red-colored fruits such as tomatoes, vegetables, certain algae, and fungi. Lycopene has shown beneficial effects in treating various oral cavity diseases, including oral cancer and precancerous lesions. Studies have demonstrated that this compound can effectively reduce oxidative stress and enhance the body’s antioxidant system.

Objectives of the Present Study

This study aims to examine the effect of lycopene on the antioxidant system of saliva and the activity of enzymes such as superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase in mobile phone users. To date, no study has specifically investigated the effect of lycopene on the antioxidant system of saliva.

Research Findings

Effect of Lycopene on Superoxide Dismutase

The results showed that a one-month intake of lycopene significantly increased the level of superoxide dismutase in saliva. This enzyme plays a crucial role in combating the harmful effects of reactive oxygen species and functions within mitochondria. Enhancing the activity of this enzyme can help mitigate the damaging effects of mobile phone waves.

Effect on Other Antioxidant Enzymes

Previous studies have shown that different doses of lycopene, particularly 15 mg per day, can significantly increase the total antioxidant capacity of serum and the levels of enzymes such as superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase. Additionally, consuming tomato juice as a source of lycopene has been found to improve the body’s overall antioxidant capacity and enhance antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase.

General Results

This study demonstrated that lycopene intake could help reduce some of the negative effects caused by mobile phone radiation. By increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes in saliva, lycopene improves the antioxidant system’s function and may reduce the risks associated with prolonged mobile phone use.

Recommendations

Based on the results, the following recommendations are suggested:

  • Increase the consumption of lycopene-rich foods such as tomatoes in the diet.
  • Reduce prolonged mobile phone use, especially among young individuals.
  • Conduct further research to clarify the exact impact of lycopene on the antioxidant system of saliva.

Reference

Arbabi Kalati, Fatemeh; Ma’ani, Farnaz; and Salimi, Saeedeh. (2021). Evaluation of the Effect of Lycopene on the Antioxidant System of Saliva in Mobile Phone Users. Research in Dental Sciences.

The new treatment method for osteoarthritis.

The new treatment method for osteoarthritis.

by | اسفند 12, 1402 | Articles

New Treatment Method for Osteoarthritis

The origins of many pharmaceutical compounds, such as penicillin, warfarin, and digoxin, are plant-based. However, many physicians remain skeptical about the use of natural compounds. This skepticism is based on the idea that, in these cases, the patient is self-diagnosing and self-treating, and there is no scientific method to prove the validity of these claims.

Nutritional Supplements

A new group of natural compounds, known as nutritional supplements, have proven pharmacological effectiveness and properties. Deficiencies in regulating these substances can lead to issues with the purity and quality control of products. However, patients are exposed to these products and many respond well to these natural and plant-based compounds. The annual sales of glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate alone in the United States reach $600 million. Total sales of natural substances and vitamin supplements in the U.S. reached $12 billion in 1991. Glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate have been tested in tissue cultures, animal models of arthritis, veterinary clinical trials, and controlled human studies.

All published studies have shown positive effects, with no significant side effects reported.

Glucosamine

Glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate are components of joint cartilage and play a role in the physiological and mechanical properties of this tissue. Glucosamine serves as a precursor for the disaccharide unit in the glucosaminoglycan molecule of cartilage. Crystalline glucosamine sulfate (glucosamine) is a substance made from chitin and contains glucosamine, sulfate, and chloride sodium in varying proportions. Chondroitin sulfate is a glucosaminoglycan that is part of the cartilage structure. It helps bind collagen fibrils and reduces the separation of glucosaminoglycans, thus limiting its water content.

Chondroitin sulfate plays a role in enhancing cartilage’s resistance to tensile stress under various conditions, providing it with strength and elasticity.

Non-Cartilage Effects of Glucosamine

Glucosamine also has non-cartilage effects: it prevents the formation of superoxide radicals and inhibits the production of nitric oxide. This could explain the rapid reduction in symptoms observed in short-term studies of this drug in osteoarthritis patients. Long-term results could be due to its reported effects on cartilage metabolism, such as stimulating anabolic activities (like proteoglycan synthesis) and reducing catabolic activities (such as metalloprotease effects). Glucosamine stimulates chondrocytes to secrete glycosaminoglycans and proteoglycans. There is evidence suggesting this substance has anti-inflammatory activity, which is not related to prostaglandin metabolism, and likely works through a free radical scavenging effect.

Osteoarthritis

Osteoarthritis results from the activity of enzymes that degrade and destroy cartilage, and these enzymes are inhibited by chondroitin sulfate. Laboratory studies have shown a synergistic effect between chondroitin sulfate and glucosamine when they are administered together. Studies by Woodward and Leppel have shown that combined administration of chondroitin sulfate and glucosamine (at a dose of 250 mg) leads to a 4SO increase in glycosaminoglycan content compared to when either of these substances is administered alone. This combined effect was also observed in an anti-protease activity test.

Treatment with Chondroitin Sulfate

In an animal model where cartilage damage was induced by chymopapain, two scientists demonstrated that treatment with chondroitin sulfate (at a dose of 1500 mg) resulted in a significant reduction in proteoglycan loss (compared to untreated groups). When this compound was given to healthy dogs, serum glucosaminoglycan levels increased. Using an indirect cartilage metabolism assay, they found that in the serum of treated patients, biosynthesis activity increased (using radioactive glucosamine), and proteolytic degradation was reduced.

Research

In a human trial with 20 patients suffering from knee osteoarthritis, they were randomly given either a placebo or 250 mg of glucosamine sulfate daily for three months. The group receiving treatment showed significant improvements in pain, joint tenderness, and swelling, while no improvement was observed in the control group. In 1982, Lopez reported the results of a one-year, double-blind, cross-over study comparing a daily regimen of 1200 mg ibuprofen with 1500 mg of glucosamine for six weeks. The improvement in symptoms with the ibuprofen regimen was faster, but stabilized within two weeks.

Research Process

Clinical improvement with glucosamine sulfate was slower but continued over 8 weeks of treatment. At the end of the study, patients who took glucosamine sulfate were significantly better than those who took ibuprofen. Furthermore, after stopping glucosamine, the improvement persisted for up to two months, while after stopping ibuprofen, the improvement reverted to baseline within two weeks. This improvement was observed in the reduction of knee pain, but there was no improvement in lower back pain.

Radiological Evidence

In a study evaluating patients using the Womac index, it was found that the control group experienced a reduction in joint space (which indicates continued cartilage degradation). However, in patients treated with glucosamine, no reduction in joint space was observed. This is the strongest evidence suggesting the potential of glucosamine to alter the natural course of knee inflammation, a result not shown with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

Osteoarthritis Treatment

Multiple studies from basic sciences (biochemistry, cell culture, tissue culture, animal models of arthritis) indicate that glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate are beneficial agents for the treatment of osteoarthritis. Additional evidence in both human and animal studies shows that these agents are effective in reducing arthritis symptoms. Moreover, there is evidence that both drugs have the potential to alter the progression and structure of osteoarthritis, a potential not demonstrated by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

Osteoarthritis Disease Complications

Patients should be aware of the risks of self-diagnosis and continuously undergo medical supervision for all aspects and complications of their osteoarthritis. However, once the diagnosis of osteoarthritis is confirmed, these two natural substances play a primary role in symptomatic treatment and have the potential to alter the nature and structure of the disease. While further research is needed to determine the optimal dosage and administration methods for glucosamine, reviews of various articles suggest that glucosamine should be administered at a dose of 400 mg daily intramuscularly or 1500 mg daily orally.

Source: Nazaem, Khalilollah, Tavakoli, Abdolreza, and Bozorgi Poorbooyini, Behsad. (2004). New Treatment Method for Osteoarthritis (Review Article).

The Effect of Cardiac Rehabilitation Combined with Coenzyme Q10 in Patients with Heart Failure

The Effect of Cardiac Rehabilitation Combined with Coenzyme Q10 in Patients with Heart Failure

by | اسفند 2, 1402 | Articles

The Effect of Cardiac Rehabilitation Exercises Combined with Coenzyme Q10 on Functional Capacity and Ejection Fraction in Patients with Chronic Heart Failure

Cardiovascular problems are the leading cause of disease and mortality worldwide, and heart failure is the third leading cause of death in this context. It is associated with a decrease in ATP and mitochondrial dysfunction in cardiac cells, leading to metabolic pathway disruptions, reduced energy, and negative effects on cardiac contractile function.

Factors Preventing Heart Energy Reduction
Therapeutic factors that can prevent heart energy reduction may play a role in treating and controlling heart failure. The increasing prevalence of heart failure in society is a major healthcare challenge. High blood pressure, coronary artery disease, weakened heart muscles, valvular disease, and arrhythmias increase the likelihood of heart failure.

Prevention of Coronary Artery Disease
There is substantial evidence that prognosis and quality of life for patients with cardiovascular disease can be improved with lifestyle changes and pharmacotherapy. Regular, moderate-intensity exercise is one such measure that can help prevent coronary artery disease, which is supported by the World Health Organization. Increased physical activity leads to improved physical and mental health and reduced mortality.

Impact of Physical Activity on Cardiovascular Events
Cardiopulmonary endurance improves after an exercise regimen, as seen in exercise tests, with a marked reduction in subsequent cardiovascular events, both fatal and non-fatal, independent of risk factors. This finding also applies to patients with chronic heart failure. In line with this, cardiac rehabilitation centers, where heart failure patients engage in exercise under the supervision of skilled physicians and nurses, have been established.

Drugs for Heart Failure Management
There are also medications to control heart failure, such as ACE inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers, beta-blockers, diuretics, and digoxin. Despite these drugs reducing disease and mortality, chronic symptoms such as fatigue and exercise intolerance remain a challenge. New treatments aimed at regulating heart energy have gained attention.

Coenzyme Q10
Coenzyme Q10, with a structure similar to vitamin K, may improve endothelial function due to its role in facilitating energy production in the mitochondrial electron transport chain and its anti-inflammatory properties. In heart failure patients, plasma Coenzyme Q10 is an independent predictor of mortality, with lower levels observed in those with advanced heart failure symptoms and reduced ejection fraction. This highlights the importance of Coenzyme Q10 supplementation.

Impact of Coenzyme Q10
Recent studies suggest that heart failure is a state of reduced energy due to the harmful effects of reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress, leading to cellular damage and endothelial dysfunction. It has been proposed that Coenzyme Q10, due to its strong antioxidant effects and minimal drug interactions, can reduce toxic effects and potentially decrease mortality in heart failure patients. However, this is a controversial issue. This study aims to investigate the effect of cardiac rehabilitation exercises combined with Coenzyme Q10 as adjunctive treatment on functional capacity and ejection fraction (left ventricular function) in patients.

Studies
Exercise capacity is a very important factor in diagnosing improvement in cardiovascular patients. It also predicts mortality in heart patients. Regular exercise increases work capacity, with hundreds of studies showing that exercise capacity is higher in active individuals compared to sedentary ones. Improvement in exercise tolerance through an exercise program has numerous benefits, including better capacity to handle daily activities, progress in returning to work, and improved quality of life. Studies show that both individuals with cardiovascular disease and healthy individuals experience better lives with higher exercise capacity. Improvements in exercise capacity through exercise can range from 5% to 25%, but increases of over 50% have also been reported.

Factors Affecting Changes in Exercise Capacity
The extent of change in exercise capacity essentially depends on the individual’s initial fitness level, age, gender, as well as the intensity and frequency of exercise. In fact, exercise increases oxygen release in the myocardium by changing vascular nerve responses, and it is important to note that every increase in exercise capacity leads to a 12% increase in survival.

Research
Two other studies showed that daily consumption of 300 mg of Coenzyme Q10 for two years and 200 mg for four months significantly improved the NYHA functional classification and reduced mortality in the test group compared to the placebo group. Researchers found that after taking Coenzyme Q10, functional capacity and left ventricular contractility increased without side effects, and its combination with exercise had a significant impact on patients. Overall, the results of most studies align with these findings. However, due to the heterogeneity and small size of the studies and the lack of consistency in methods and cardiovascular drugs used, meaningful conclusions and widespread recommendations for Coenzyme Q10 use remain limited.

Mechanism of Coenzyme Q10 Action
Nevertheless, considering the mechanism of action of Coenzyme Q10, its positive effects cannot be overlooked. Coenzyme Q10 acts as a strong antioxidant in cell membranes and lipoproteins and is the only antioxidant synthesized in the body. By preventing lipid peroxidation, it can play an essential role in stabilizing cell membranes and reducing cellular damage. It has been recognized in recent years for its key role in mitochondrial biogenesis, acting as an electron carrier in mitochondria and as an essential cofactor for energy production. Internal synthesis and dietary intake prevent deficiency in healthy individuals. However, levels and the ability to produce Coenzyme Q10 in tissues decrease with age and in the hearts of heart failure patients, so its deficiency exacerbates the condition.

Impact of Oral Coenzyme Q10 Supplementation
Oral Coenzyme Q10 supplementation increases its plasma levels, lipoproteins, and blood vessels. However, it is unclear whether Coenzyme Q10 levels in tissues, particularly in patients, increase. Although this supplement may serve as adjunctive treatment alongside conventional therapies for heart failure patients, its impact on cardiovascular patients requires further investigation. It is suggested that the harmful effects of reactive oxygen species increase in heart failure patients, and Coenzyme Q10, due to its antioxidant activity, can help reduce toxic effects. Plasma Coenzyme Q10 levels are an independent predictor of mortality in heart patients. Moreover, Coenzyme Q10 may play a role in myocardial calcium stability (depending on ion channels) and membrane stability, preventing the loss of metabolites required for ATP synthesis.

Research Trends
Based on the findings from previous studies and the mechanisms discussed, Coenzyme Q10 may act as a strong antioxidant, improving endothelial function without side effects or increasing heart energy production, thus improving functional capacity and ejection fraction.

Improvement in Patients
This improvement was more pronounced in patients who participated in rehabilitation programs combined with Coenzyme Q10 supplementation. Cardiac rehabilitation, particularly when combined with Coenzyme Q10, led to better left ventricular function with increased EF and METs in heart patients.

Our Recommendation
It is recommended that cardiac therapists, based on evidence of safe and effective cardiovascular benefits, encourage patients to engage in simultaneous cardiac rehabilitation and Coenzyme Q10 supplementation.

Research Suggestions
Furthermore, future studies with larger numbers of participants receiving Coenzyme Q10 and exercise over longer periods and at varying doses are needed to better understand the role of exercise and supplements in improving these desired outcomes. This will enable more reliable conclusions regarding the efficacy of Coenzyme Q10 supplementation and exercise in the rehabilitation of heart patients. Finding an appropriate exercise and medication protocol for heart patients is challenging, and perhaps exercise protocols with varying intensity and duration may be suitable for individuals with different ages and disease characteristics.

Solution
Additionally, understanding which cellular and molecular mechanisms are involved in cardiovascular adaptations induced by exercise and supplements will help specialists use drugs or other therapeutic methods to assist heart patients in prevention and treatment.

Source
Esteghli, Samira, Ebrahim, Khosrow, Gholami, Mandana, & Jalalian, Rezita. (2017). The effect of cardiac rehabilitation exercises combined with Coenzyme Q10 on functional capacity and ejection fraction in patients with chronic heart failure. Journal of the Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, 60(6), 756-766. SID.