Insulin

This article examines advancements in diabetes.

Implantable Insulin Pumps

Researchers have worked extensively to develop an implantable insulin pump. They have designed a pump that:

• Measures blood sugar levels.
• Provides the required amount of insulin at any given moment.
• Mimics the natural function of the pancreas.

Development of Implantable Capsules

Scientists have made significant progress in developing implantable capsules capable of continuously producing and delivering insulin into the bloodstream. These capsules contain insulin-producing cells (beta cells), which absorb nutrients from the body and use them to produce insulin indefinitely.

A biomedical engineer has been working on these capsules and recently presented his findings at the American Vacuum Society Congress. Previous research results from this scientist were published in November 2001.

Advantages of Implantable Capsules

Manufacturers of these capsules have overcome the issue of biological compatibility, which was a major challenge for other implantable devices. Using microchip technology, they developed a capsule that is undetectable and immune to attacks by the body’s immune system.

The next phase involves clinical trials for long-term use and determining the optimal insulin dosage. It may take several years before these capsules become widely available.

---

Inhalable Insulin

Although insulin injections are still necessary, inhalable insulin is currently in clinical trials and under review by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for approval.

Key features of inhalable insulin:

• The device is about the size of a flashlight.
• The insulin is fast-acting, quickly entering the bloodstream and performing its function.

---

Insulin Pills

With the discovery of new polymers, more effective types of insulin pills have been developed. These were introduced at a recent American Chemical Society conference.

The polymeric coating of these pills allows insulin to pass through the digestive system without degradation and enter the bloodstream. Currently, these pills are undergoing animal testing.

However, some experts question their effectiveness, given that insulin dosage requirements vary among patients.

---

New Insulin Formulations

In recent years, new insulin formulations have been developed to simplify insulin regimens and improve glucose control for diabetic patients.

All insulin analogs are produced using recombinant DNA technology. The new insulin types include:

Glargine (Aventis)

• A long-acting basal insulin.
• Provides more continuous activity.
• Has a lower peak effect than NPH insulin.
• Can be used with rapid-acting insulins like Lispro or Aspart to maintain a stable basal insulin level.

Aspart (Novo Nordisk)

• A rapid-acting insulin.
• Can be injected 15 minutes before meals.
• Offers more flexibility in meal timing and portion size.

Lispro Mix 25/75 (Eli Lilly)

• The first mixed insulin analog.
• Contains rapid-acting Lispro and a new human insulin analog, NPL.
• Designed for patients who need better post-meal glucose control and use insulin pens.

---

New Drug for Type 2 Diabetes

Australian scientists, in collaboration with the pharmaceutical company Diakine, have introduced a new drug called Lisofylline for treating Type 2 diabetes.

Researchers believe that Lisofylline, an anti-inflammatory drug, may be effective by preventing the production of ceramide, a byproduct of fat metabolism linked to insulin resistance.

• Lisofylline improves insulin function across various conditions.
• It has potential for treating obesity-related insulin resistance.

Currently, Lisofylline is in Phase 1 clinical trials, with no reported safety concerns in healthy individuals. It is also being tested for other medical conditions in Phase 2 trials.

Results suggest that Lisofylline may be used as an oral treatment for Type 2 diabetes.

---

Blood Glucose Monitoring Devices

Painless Glucose Testing

The FDA has approved a new glucose monitoring system developed by Amira Medical, now available to consumers.

This system allows patients to:

• Measure blood sugar without the pain of finger pricking.
• Use an integrated lancet and glucose meter.
• Utilize a disposable test strip that draws blood from the upper arm or thigh, where there are fewer nerve endings, reducing pain.

Continuous Glucose Monitoring Device

The FDA has approved a wristwatch-like device for continuous glucose monitoring, providing additional data for diabetes management.

This device works alongside traditional glucose meters and has features such as:

• Extracting interstitial fluid via a mild electrical current.
• Measuring glucose levels in the fluid.
• Providing 12-hour monitoring.
• Performing glucose checks three times per hour.
• An alarm system that alerts the user if blood sugar levels drop to dangerous levels.

The device is available by prescription for individuals 18 years and older.

---

Diabetes Detection Using Light

A team of specialists has developed a new method for diagnosing diabetes by:

• Shining light on the skin.
• Measuring advanced glycation end-products (AGEs).

These AGEs indicate damage caused by prolonged high blood sugar levels.

Advantages of Light-Based Diabetes Screening

• The test takes only one minute.
• Uses light with different wavelengths.
• Measures fluorescent light emitted by AGEs.

This method allows for early diabetes detection, even before symptoms appear. The Scout screening device shines different wavelengths of light on the forearm, triggering fluorescent emissions from proteins in the skin affected by AGEs.

By detecting diabetes at the prediabetic stage, lifestyle modifications and dietary changes can prevent or delay disease onset.

The cost of Scout testing is expected to be comparable to current blood sugar tests.

---

Nano Breath Sensor for Type 1 Diabetes

Scientists have developed a breath sensor that can detect Type 1 diabetes.

Potential Applications:

• Emergency rooms.
• Unconscious patients.
• Diabetic ketoacidosis detection.
• At-home diabetes monitoring.

Professor Sotiris E. Pratsinis and his team in Zurich have developed:

• A nano-sensor highly sensitive to acetone.
• Gold-plated electrodes.
• A device that functions like an electrical resistor.

Since acetone levels in exhaled breath are unusually high in Type 1 diabetes, this sensor helps identify dangerous ketoacidosis.

When light is directed at the nanotubes, they emit a different wavelength detected by a diode, allowing measurement of blood sugar levels.

The wearable monitor is about the size of a watch and, depending on battery size, may become even smaller.

---

Glucose Tattoo

In the future, diabetics may be able to monitor blood sugar levels just by looking at a tattoo.

This would be possible through:

• Injecting a fluorescent nanoparticle-based ink under the skin.
• The tattoo glowing in response to blood sugar levels.

This innovation could revolutionize non-invasive glucose monitoring for diabetics.

If you think that Pilates is only beneficial for muscle strengthening, you might need to reconsider. New research supports the role of resistance exercises in better blood sugar control. In this study:

The levels of insulin and glucose tolerance in overweight individuals at risk of developing type 2 diabetes were measured at two different time points:

Before starting the exercise program
After 4 months of resistance training, 3 days a week
The training program included 8 exercises designed to strengthen muscles throughout the body. Now, consider that a well-designed Pilates workout is certainly effective in strengthening the entire body, and its variety of movements is far greater than just eight exercises!

Background on Blood Sugar (Glucose) and Insulin
Whenever you eat food, your blood sugar rises (especially when consuming carbohydrates such as bread, cereals, rice, pasta, corn, potatoes, fruit, milk, and anything sweet).
When your blood sugar rises, your body releases insulin.
The released insulin directs blood sugar to your cells to either be stored as fat or burned for energy (the more you exercise, the more energy you burn). However, if your blood sugar remains high most of the time due to excessive carbohydrate consumption or a lack of physical activity and exercise, this process does not work efficiently.

High-carb diets or lack of exercise (leading to weight gain) = consistently high blood sugar = consistently high insulin levels

Your body’s cells become accustomed to high insulin levels and no longer allow sugar to enter your cells (this condition is called insulin resistance or prediabetes).

Study Results
This study found that resistance training lowers blood sugar levels and, consequently, insulin levels while improving the body’s response to insulin. In other words, Pilates helps in treating diabetes in multiple ways. As your body becomes more responsive to insulin, it no longer needs to produce as much insulin to achieve the same results, which is a significant advantage!

Did you know?
86 million people in the U.S. have prediabetes.

How Can These Findings Help Me?
When you practice Pilates, your body functions better in maintaining normal blood sugar and insulin levels. Pilates is also one of the best exercises for overweight individuals, those at risk of diabetes, and even those already diagnosed with diabetes. Beyond diabetes risk, high blood sugar can cause other damages to the body, including inflammation, wrinkles, kidney damage, and an increased risk of heart disease.

Learn More About Pilates
Pilates, pronounced as “Puh-lah-teez” in English, quickly became one of the most popular fitness programs in the U.S. You have probably heard about its benefits, but what exactly is Pilates?

Pilates is a form of exercise developed a century ago by a German named Joseph Pilates, and it takes its name from its creator. This workout system was designed to develop:

Strength
Flexibility
Muscular endurance
Coordination
Balance and proper posture

Pilates exercises are particularly beneficial for the core muscles, including:

Abdominal muscles
Oblique muscles
Lower back muscles
Inner and outer thigh muscles
Gluteal muscles

Benefits of Pilates
Since Pilates focuses on core muscles, it can help reduce belly fat. The more abdominal fat you have and the higher fat accumulation in your organs, the greater your risk of developing type 2 diabetes (also known as adult-onset diabetes). A strong core improves balance and posture, reducing stress and pressure on joints and muscles. This is one reason why Pilates is often recommended for back pain.

Did you know?
1 in 4 people with diabetes is unaware of their condition!

Types of Pilates Exercises
Pilates exercises are divided into two categories:

Mat-Based Exercises: These are performed on a mat and involve resistance bands, balls, blocks, and rings to enhance core balance and strength.
Equipment-Based Exercises: These involve machines such as the Cadillac and Reformer, both using adjustable spring and pulley systems for variable resistance.

For both categories, exercises are performed in sets and repetitions. While some movements require a specific number of repetitions, others involve continuous and fluid movement, similar to yoga. Mat-based Pilates exercises often include lying down, sitting, or sometimes kneeling positions, making them suitable for individuals who cannot stand for long periods or struggle with lifting heavy weights.

Moreover, Pilates exercises can be adapted to different levels of fitness and physical needs. This means that individuals of all sizes, shapes, and ages can practice Pilates. A skilled instructor can modify mat exercises to help you gradually build strength and stability as you progress in your Pilates journey.

Staying physically active is essential for managing and treating diabetes. However, maintaining consistency in your fitness goals can be challenging when following a repetitive and monotonous workout routine.

The Six Principles of Pilates
Pilates is based on six fundamental principles: Concentration, Control, Centering, Breathing, Flow, and Precision. These six principles are essential for achieving high-quality workouts while applying minimal stress on your joints. Unlike other forms of exercise that involve excessive movement, heavy lifting, and various equipment, Pilates focuses on slow and controlled movements that engage the core muscles.

Centering
Focus on your core area, between your lower ribs and pubic bone.

Concentration
Fully dedicate your attention to the exercise and commit to executing it correctly to maximize benefits.

Control
Every Pilates movement is designed to achieve complete muscle control.

Precision
Each movement in Pilates involves awareness, proper posture, and specific body positioning.

Breathing
Many Pilates exercises are synchronized with breathing, making proper breath control an integral part of the workout.

Flow
Pilates exercises are performed with fluid, graceful, and continuous movements. The energy of each movement connects the body as a whole.

Unlike many other training systems, Pilates prioritizes movement quality over quantity. Instead of performing numerous repetitions, Pilates emphasizes executing each exercise correctly, leading to noticeable benefits in the short term.

Conclusion
Remember, consistency is key to success in any fitness routine. In this study, participants exercised three days per week, making it an excellent starting point for a Pilates routine. Since muscles use glucose more efficiently than fat, having a more muscular body improves blood sugar regulation, regardless of whether you have type 1 or type 2 diabetes. Pilates is essentially a combination of bodyweight and resistance training, promoting overall health, diabetes management, and muscle development.

Caloric Burn in Pilates
Another benefit of Pilates is that the more muscle mass you have, the more calories you burn at rest, leading to greater weight loss. Before starting Pilates or any other exercise program, be sure to consult your doctor. If you plan to join a Pilates class, it is crucial to inform your instructor if you have diabetes. Some exercises, such as twisting and jumping, may not be suitable for individuals with high blood pressure, diabetic retinopathy, musculoskeletal issues, or other medical conditions.

 

Diabetes Treatment with Various Methods

Pararin Pars introduces you to various diabetes treatments, including herbal remedies and specific types of exercises.

Nine Herbs for Preventing and Treating Diabetes

1. Gymnema Sylvestre (Gymnema Sylvestre)
   The Indian name for this plant translates to “Sugar Destroyer,” and it is said to reduce the ability to taste sweetness. It is one of the most powerful plants for controlling blood sugar and treating diabetes through the following actions:

   • Enhancing the activity of enzymes that help cells
   • Stimulating insulin production
     Although extensive studies on side effects are lacking, it is believed to have no serious side effects.

2. Bitter Melon (Bitter Melon)
   Bitter melon helps cells utilize glucose effectively, which aids in treating diabetes, and blocks sugar absorption in the intestines. A study with Filipino participants who consumed bitter melon capsules for three months showed:

   • Their blood sugar levels decreased slightly but consistently compared to those who took a placebo, though digestive issues were reported as possible side effects.

3. Prickly Pear Cactus
   The prickly pear cactus helps:

   • Lower blood sugar levels
   • Prevent diabetes
     You may find this fruit at fruit stores, or its juice and powder are available at health food stores. The cactus contains compounds similar to insulin, helping lower blood sugar levels and is rich in fiber, making it beneficial for those on a weight-loss diet.

4. Blueberry
   Blueberries contain strong antioxidants in both the fruit and its leaves. These antioxidants, known as anthocyanidins, appear to prevent damage to small blood vessels, which could lead to:

   • Nerve pain
   • Retinopathy (damage to the retina of the eye)
     Studies on animals show that blueberries can:
   • Reduce blood sugar
   • Be effective in diabetes treatment

5. Ginseng
   Ginseng is a Chinese herb known for:

   • Strengthening the immune system
   • Fighting diseases
     It has shown positive effects in diabetes and blood sugar reduction by:
   • Slowing carbohydrate absorption
   • Enhancing cells’ ability to utilize glucose
   • Increasing insulin secretion from the pancreas
     Ginseng lowers blood glucose by 15-20% compared to placebo pills. It works similarly to diabetic medications.

6. Fenugreek Seeds
   Fenugreek seeds, used in Indian cooking, help:

   • Reduce blood sugar
   • Increase insulin sensitivity
   • Lower high cholesterol
     This effect is partly due to their high fiber content and an amino acid believed to increase insulin secretion. A major study of 60 participants consuming 25 grams of fenugreek seeds daily showed significant improvement in blood sugar control post-meal.

7. Chamomile and Chamomile Tea
   Chamomile and chamomile tea can reduce blood sugar, thereby preventing the progression of type 2 diabetes and some complications related to high blood sugar. Drinking this tea with or shortly after meals can help control your blood sugar levels.

8. Tulsi Tea (Holy Basil)
   Tulsi, a particular type of basil used in Western cooking, has powerful medicinal properties. It is used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes and other conditions. Like chamomile, it can lower blood sugar and offers benefits such as:

   • Reducing stress and anxiety
   • Protecting the body from stress-induced damage

9. Cinnamon
   Cinnamon is a popular spice that has shown notable evidence in reducing blood sugar. If you’re at risk of or diagnosed with type 2 diabetes, or simply want to stabilize your blood sugar to avoid mood swings associated with blood sugar fluctuations, adding cinnamon to your meals can be beneficial.
   You can also add cinnamon sticks or powder to herbal teas, ensuring it’s pure cinnamon with no added sugar.

Six Effective Exercises for Diabetes Treatment

Are you exercising enough? The answer is probably no, especially if you have diabetes.
Only 39% of people with type 2 diabetes engage in regular physical activity, compared to 58% of others. This is unfortunate because, according to Dr. Sherry Kolberg-Ax, a retired professor of sports science at Old Dominion University in Norfolk, Virginia, staying active can increase:

• Insulin function
• Blood sugar control
  Exercise also helps with weight loss and balance, which is crucial as many type 2 diabetes patients are at risk of obesity.

Exercise Recommendations:

1. Walking
   Walking is easy for everyone. All you need are good shoes and a walking place. It is probably the most recommended activity for people with type 2 diabetes. Fast-paced walking, raising the heart rate, is an aerobic exercise.
   Studies show that:

   • Aerobic activities, 3 days a week for 150 minutes, positively impact diabetes treatment.

2. Tai Chi
   Tai Chi, a series of slow movements performed over 30 minutes, has been practiced for centuries. Dr. Kolberg-Ax recommends Tai Chi as an excellent option for type 2 diabetes due to:

   • Improved fitness
   • Reduced stress
   • Enhanced balance

3. Weightlifting
   “No matter how much I talk about the benefits of weightlifting, it’s not enough—not only for people with diabetes but for everyone.” Weightlifting builds muscle, which is important for people with type 2 diabetes.
   If you lose muscle mass, blood sugar control becomes harder, so it is crucial to include weightlifting at least twice a week, or better yet, three times a week.

4. Yoga
   Yoga can help in several ways:

   • Reducing lower body fat
   • Combatting insulin resistance
   • Improving nerve function
     Yoga also serves as a significant stress reliever, which aids in diabetes treatment by lowering blood sugar.

5. Swimming
   Swimming is a great aerobic exercise for people with type 2 diabetes as it doesn’t strain the joints.
   “Floating in water reduces stress,” and it is easier than other exercises like walking or running. People with diabetes should avoid injuries to the feet, such as minor cuts or blisters, which heal slowly and are prone to infection.

6. Stationary Cycling
   Cycling is an excellent cardiovascular exercise that strengthens the heart and improves lung function, ideal for people with diabetes as it can be done indoors. It also:

   • Increases blood flow to the legs
   • Burns calories to maintain an ideal weight

These exercises, along with herbal treatments, can help not only in diabetes management but also for those on a weight-loss or diet plan.

Combination Medications for Type 2 Diabetes

Some medications have dual effects, which is a significant advantage. People with type 2 diabetes often need multiple medications, so combining them may be more effective.
However, the potential issue with combination drugs is the difficulty of adjusting their doses.

Examples of Combination Drugs for Type 2 Diabetes:

• Metformin and Glipizide (Metaglip)
• Rosiglitazone and Glimepiride (Avandaryl)
• Pioglitazone and Metformin (ACTOplus Met)
• Metformin and Glyburide (Glucovance)
• Rosiglitazone and Metformin (Avandamet)
• Pioglitazone and Glimepiride (Duetact)

10 Foods for Diabetes Treatment

Certain foods help control diabetes so well that some diabetic patients can maintain normal blood sugar levels without medication. Although there are debates about whether diet can cure diabetes, people with diabetes can manage their blood sugar levels through healthy foods and lifestyle changes.

Research has shown that some people with type 2 diabetes can:
Control their blood sugar levels through diet and exercise.

Oral and Dental Problems in Diabetes

Unfortunately, diabetes is a disease that damages vital organs in the body, and it is also a major threat to gums and teeth. People with uncontrolled diabetes have a high chance of non-healing wounds, leading to infections after treatment. This issue is even more common in individuals who smoke and have diabetes. Oral and dental problems in diabetes include the following:

Oral Problems in Diabetes: Symptoms of oral issues in diabetic patients include:

• Cracks at the corners of the lips due to reduced saliva secretion and dry mouth
• Severe redness of the oral mucosa, burning sensation on the tongue and mucosa, and altered taste sensation
• Presence of fungal-like papillae on the tongue
• Development of grooves around the teeth near the tongue
• Enlargement of the tongue, thickening, and formation of grooves
• Tongue pain
• Change in the oral microbiome, such as an increase in Candida albicans, which causes lip corner cracks and thrush.

Dental Problems in Diabetes: Symptoms of dental issues in diabetic patients include:

• Increased sensitivity of teeth to pressure, especially in the gum-tooth junction
• Tooth pain without visible cavities
• Enamel destruction and increased tooth decay
• Sores caused by irritation from dentures in individuals with uncontrolled diabetes

Gum Problems in Diabetes: Symptoms of gum issues in diabetic patients include:

• Gum bleeding due to changes in gum blood vessels
• Gingival hypertrophy with severe redness and swelling
• Gingivitis and periodontitis, inflammatory diseases of the gum tissue. People with periodontitis eventually lose their supporting bone structure and teeth. Poor diabetes control is a very serious risk factor for periodontitis, and conversely, gingivitis and periodontitis are often the first signs of diabetes. Proper oral hygiene is crucial for diabetic patients, and regular dental check-ups can help detect oral problems early in these patients. In chronic gum inflammation, the supporting structures of the teeth (alveolar bone and periodontal fibers) are destroyed. This disease can be caused by various factors, including anaerobic bacteria and sometimes viruses, along with other risk factors such as smoking, diabetes, and depression, which make the individual more susceptible to gum inflammation. The body’s immune system’s inflammatory response to bacteria leads to tissue destruction, and this occurs in chronic gum inflammation.

Chronic Gingivitis Diagnosis in Diabetes: Chronic gingivitis is a very common inflammatory reaction that occurs in the gum tissue in response to dental plaque accumulation. If this condition persists, it can lead to periodontitis, though not necessarily. Clinical manifestations of gingivitis can change due to systemic factors, including poorly controlled diabetes, which further affects the gum tissue in response to dental plaque.

The Connection Between Diabetes and Gingivitis/Periodontitis in Dental Problems: Although periodontitis is a known complication of diabetes, individuals who effectively control their diabetes and maintain good oral hygiene are not at an increased risk of periodontitis. However, the risk of periodontitis clearly increases in people with poorly controlled diabetes, especially if they smoke. Recent epidemiological studies indicate that the prevalence of diabetes is twice as high in individuals with periodontitis compared to others.

Since diabetes can exist for years before being diagnosed, dentists are often the first professionals to detect warning clinical signs of diabetes in patients. Additionally, they can provide insight into how well a patient’s diabetes is being controlled based on oral symptoms.

These symptoms include:

• Resistant gum inflammation after standard periodontal treatment (scaling above and below the gums, oral hygiene practices)
• Severe gum inflammatory response to dental plaque and proliferation of gum tissue at the edges
• Continued alveolar bone loss despite periodontitis treatment
• Progressive and severe periodontitis in individuals aged 20 to 45 (deep periodontal pockets, increased tooth instability and movement, greater spacing between teeth, radiological evidence of advanced bone damage)
• Spontaneous formation of periodontal abscesses.

How Diabetes Increases the Risk of Periodontitis in Diabetic Patients: Glycosylation of end products and their deposition on tissues due to elevated blood glucose levels can alter the phenotype of macrophages and other cells via specific cell surface receptors. Macrophages are key cells in the development of periodontitis, as they cause the disease through the production of various cytokines. They also affect the inflammatory response, fibroblast and lymphocyte metabolism, and bone resorption via prostaglandin E2. Excessive glycosylation of end products seems to convert macrophages into destructive cells that uncontrollably produce pro-inflammatory cytokines.

The function of neutrophils, which are the first defense line in gum tissue and the bone surrounding teeth, is reduced in diabetic individuals. This may be another mechanism by which diabetes increases the risk of periodontitis.

Is There a Relationship Between Periodontitis and Diabetes Control? While periodontitis is a well-known complication of poorly controlled diabetes, it also creates metabolic disturbances that affect diabetes management. This process occurs due to the release of systemic mediators (inflammatory cytokines like TNF-α from gums affected by periodontitis) and exposure to gram-negative organisms.

What Steps Can Patients Take? People with diabetes must take special care of their oral health, including brushing and flossing. Using toothbrushes that reach between the teeth can help alleviate gingivitis. Using chlorhexidine mouthwashes or chlorhexidine gel twice daily (separately from toothpaste, as chlorhexidine is deactivated by toothpaste) can help manage many severe forms of gingivitis. Patients should consult their dentist to determine the appropriate duration for chlorhexidine use. Dental care, including checks and treatments every six months, is essential for diabetic patients to maintain gum health and prevent advanced treatments.

The diabetes care team should refer diabetic patients with gingivitis or periodontitis to a dentist for necessary treatments.

White Beans: Rich in protein and soluble fiber, which helps reduce cholesterol levels. Light legumes like white beans are very beneficial for slowing the rise in blood sugar levels. As part of a study conducted at the University of Toronto in 2012, 121 people with type 2 diabetes followed a healthy diet that included one cup of white beans or whole grains daily. After three months, it was observed that the group consuming beans had a significantly greater reduction in their hemoglobin A1C levels (a marker for average blood sugar control) compared to the group that consumed grains.

Spinach: Spinach is one of many leafy vegetables that are beneficial for treating diabetes. Research has shown that spinach can greatly reduce the risk of developing diabetes. Studies in the UK found that individuals who consumed more than one serving of spinach and other leafy greens daily had a 14% lower risk of diabetes compared to those who consumed less than half a serving daily. Spinach is particularly rich in vitamin K, along with minerals such as magnesium, folate, phosphorus, potassium, and zinc. It is also a good source of lutein, zeaxanthin, and various flavonoids.

Oxalic Acid in Spinach: Although spinach is a rich source of calcium, it also contains oxalic acid, which inhibits calcium absorption. To mitigate this issue, it is recommended to briefly boil spinach for one minute to reduce the effects of this chemical.

Sweet Potatoes: A study showed that sweet potatoes, a beneficial food for diabetics, can reduce fasting blood sugar levels by 10 to 15%. Sweet potatoes are also rich in anthocyanins, which contain natural pigments that give them their dark orange color and are high in antioxidants. Additionally, sweet potatoes are said to have anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and antimicrobial properties.

Walnuts: The walnut tree is the most widespread type of tree nut worldwide and is found in most regions. Walnuts contain an unsaturated fatty acid called alpha-linolenic acid, which has been shown to be very effective in reducing inflammation. L-arginine, omega-3s, fiber, vitamin E, and other plant chemicals found in walnuts and similar nut trees offer numerous health benefits due to their richness in essential vitamins and nutrients.

Benefits of Walnuts:

• Antioxidants
• Anti-cancer
• Antiviral
• Help prevent high cholesterol These properties can help slow down the progression of chronic diseases like diabetes and heart disease. The time spent cracking open walnuts also allows the body more time to absorb nutrients, and individuals will feel fuller with fewer calories.

Quinoa (Goosefoot Seeds): Quinoa tastes like grains but is more closely related to spinach. Unlike many grains, quinoa is a compact source of “complete” protein (14 grams per half-cup) and contains all nine essential amino acids. One of these amino acids, lysine, helps the body absorb fat-burning calcium and aids in the production of carnitine, which is responsible for converting fatty acids into energy, ultimately helping to lower cholesterol. Quinoa is also one of the most fiber-rich seed-like foods, containing 2.6 grams per 2.1 cups. This fiber helps balance blood sugar levels and keeps individuals fuller for longer.

Cinnamon: Numerous studies have shown that this delicious spice can help reduce blood sugar. In a journal dedicated to diabetes care, it was mentioned that individuals with type 2 diabetes who consumed one or more grams of cinnamon daily saw a 30% reduction in their fasting blood sugar. They also observed a reduction of more than 25% in their triglycerides, LDL cholesterol, and overall cholesterol levels. It is worth noting that cinnamon is rich in chromium, a mineral that enhances the effects of insulin. Additionally, cinnamon is rich in:

• Polyphenols
• Various antioxidants

What benefits does it offer?

• Collects all free radicals in the blood
• Protects the body from cancer
• Reduces inflammation in the body This ultimately boosts immunity against diabetes and heart disease.

Collard Greens: Leafy greens like collard greens, a type of cruciferous vegetable, are an excellent source of vitamin C, which helps reduce cortisol levels in the body and reduces inflammation. Collard greens (and other cruciferous vegetables like kale and Brussels sprouts) are also a good source of alpha-lipoic acid (ALA), which helps regulate stress in individuals. When scientists at the Linus Pauling Institute at Oregon State University injected aging mice with ALA, they found that the animals’ bodies were able to produce the necessary antioxidants, which helped them resist toxic environmental substances and also reduced inflammation. Good news for diabetics: ALA also helps reduce blood sugar and may help strengthen nerves damaged by diabetic neuropathy.

Turmeric: Turmeric has likely been a health protector for the entire Indian subcontinent for around 5,000 years. Turmeric is a part of the traditional Indian diet, including rice and white flour bread, and quickly aids in the digestion of carbohydrates that significantly increase blood sugar levels. The presence of turmeric – the yellow spice that gives many curry dishes their color – helps control its dramatic effect on blood sugar. Curcumin, the active compound in turmeric, works to regulate fat metabolism in the body. Curcumin directly affects fat cells, pancreas cells, kidney cells, and muscle cells by reducing inflammation and blocking the activity of tumor necrosis factors and IL-6, which are linked to cancer. Experts believe that the combined effects of all these factors enable curcumin to:

• Reduce insulin resistance
• Lower blood sugar
• Lower cholesterol
• Eliminate other obesity-related symptoms.