In recent decades, the widespread use of mobile phones has raised concerns about the effects of electromagnetic waves on human health, particularly on the antioxidant system of saliva. Research has shown that these waves can increase oxidative stress and reduce the antioxidant activity of saliva, potentially endangering oral health. On the other hand, lycopene, a powerful antioxidant found in tomatoes and other red fruits, has attracted significant attention from researchers. Recent studies indicate that lycopene’s impact on saliva may improve the antioxidant system’s function and counteract the harmful effects of mobile phone use. This article aims to examine the role of lycopene in enhancing the antioxidant capacity of saliva and mitigating the risks associated with mobile phone radiation.

The Effect of Mobile Phone Waves on Saliva

A study conducted on 20 mobile phone users showed a decrease in total albumin flow in saliva. Additionally, research from 2014 reported changes in the concentration and flow rate of saliva from the parotid glands of mobile phone users. A significant reduction was also observed in enzymes such as amylase, lipase, lysozyme, lactoferrin, and peroxidase. These changes may lead to oxidative stress and dysfunction of salivary glands.

Other studies have shown that excessive mobile phone use (more than five hours per day) can decrease the total antioxidant capacity of saliva and reduce the levels of enzymes like amylase. These oxidative changes may increase the risk of inflammatory diseases and even malignant cell transformations.

Lycopene and Its Antioxidant Properties

Lycopene is a fat-soluble carotenoid discovered by Ernest et al. in 1931. This carotenoid is naturally present in red-colored fruits such as tomatoes, vegetables, certain algae, and fungi. Lycopene has shown beneficial effects in treating various oral cavity diseases, including oral cancer and precancerous lesions. Studies have demonstrated that this compound can effectively reduce oxidative stress and enhance the body’s antioxidant system.

Objectives of the Present Study

This study aims to examine the effect of lycopene on the antioxidant system of saliva and the activity of enzymes such as superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase in mobile phone users. To date, no study has specifically investigated the effect of lycopene on the antioxidant system of saliva.

Research Findings

Effect of Lycopene on Superoxide Dismutase

The results showed that a one-month intake of lycopene significantly increased the level of superoxide dismutase in saliva. This enzyme plays a crucial role in combating the harmful effects of reactive oxygen species and functions within mitochondria. Enhancing the activity of this enzyme can help mitigate the damaging effects of mobile phone waves.

Effect on Other Antioxidant Enzymes

Previous studies have shown that different doses of lycopene, particularly 15 mg per day, can significantly increase the total antioxidant capacity of serum and the levels of enzymes such as superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase. Additionally, consuming tomato juice as a source of lycopene has been found to improve the body’s overall antioxidant capacity and enhance antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase.

General Results

This study demonstrated that lycopene intake could help reduce some of the negative effects caused by mobile phone radiation. By increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes in saliva, lycopene improves the antioxidant system’s function and may reduce the risks associated with prolonged mobile phone use.

Recommendations

Based on the results, the following recommendations are suggested:

• Increase the consumption of lycopene-rich foods such as tomatoes in the diet.
• Reduce prolonged mobile phone use, especially among young individuals.
• Conduct further research to clarify the exact impact of lycopene on the antioxidant system of saliva.

Reference

Arbabi Kalati, Fatemeh; Ma’ani, Farnaz; and Salimi, Saeedeh. (2021). Evaluation of the Effect of Lycopene on the Antioxidant System of Saliva in Mobile Phone Users. Research in Dental Sciences.